FILM BUSINESS

Films Turned into Political Propaganda when Japan colonized the Dutch East Indies around 1942, films were used as a tool for political propaganda. Only films that contain Japanese propaganda and films that have been produced are allowed to be shown. As a result, the film industry at that time was very sluggish and no new works emerged. ABOUT FILM

1. Film/Movie Definition

Definition of Film According to Experts

Meanwhile, according to experts, the definition of film is as follows;

A. Effendi (1986)

The definition of film is a product of culture and a means of artistic expression and is

displayed both audio and visual. Film here is considered as mass communication which is

a combination of various technologies such as photography and sound recording, the arts, both fine arts and theatrical arts, literature and architecture, and music. Film is a moving

picture (moving picture) as a form of culture. B. Himawan Pratista (2008)

According to him, the definition of film is audio-visual media that combines both

narrative and cinematic elements. The narrative element itself is related to the theme

while the cinematic element is the plot or storyline. which runs well from start to finish.

2. Film genres

A. Drama

As the name implies, this genre tells about dramas that often occur in everyday

life, whether it's about romantic relationships, family affection, and so on. Examples of drama genre films include Dua Garis Biru, Bumi Manusia, Forest

Gump, The Perks of Being a Wallflower, and Endless Love. B. Comedy

Do you like the film genre that will make you laugh because of the actors' funny

behavior? If so, watching genre films is the key!

The comedy film genre is the film that is most often sought after to relieve stress. Lots of fresh humor in comedy genre films. Even though some of this humor requires a

more mature way of thinking, usually the audience of this comedy genre already knows

what it means. Recommendations for comedy films that you can watch include The

Hangover, Mr. Bean, Rush Hour, Difficult to Signal, and Warkop DKI Reborn 3. C. Horrors

For those of you who want to test your guts, come watch the horror film genre!

The horror film genre challenges those of you who are interested in a scary atmosphere. For example, there are films that tell about ghosts in empty houses, or ghosts in hospitals, and so on. After watching a horror film, we usually imagine what happened in that film. Some examples of horror films that you can watch include The Whole Truth, Kuntilanak, Danur, IT, to Makmum 2. D. Action

Who hasn't watched action movies? The characteristics of films that have an action

genre are scenes of fights between heroes and villains. Usually these scenes are the action

of the main role who wants to save the world with his powers. Recommendations for

action genre films include Spider-Man, Resident Evil, Fast & Furious, and Underground film.

E. Animations

Animated genre films do not mean that they are always intended for children only. Animated films can also be watched for all groups, including adults. The coolest

animated films that you should watch include Sing 2, Ron's Gone Wrong, and Encanto

F. Documentaries

Documentary genre films present factual documentation videos and are reviewed

in detail. Some examples of documentaries are Leaving Neverland, Friends: The Reunion, The Art of Killing, American Murder, and The Social Dilemma. G. Fantasy

Have you ever watched magic movies, witchcraft, or supernatural powers that you

can't believe in the real world? If so, that means you're watching a fantasy movie. Fantasy genre films not only enchant something in the story, but are able to

enchant the audience so that you will be stunned in a fantasy world. The most famous

example of a fantasy film is Harry Potter. H. Science Fiction (Sci-Fi)

In contrast to fantasy genre films, sci-fi films present story plots based on the

results of scientific and technological research that are currently developing, such as

humans in the films Star Wars, Jurassic Park, Interstellar, Arrival, and so on. I. Thrillers

Do you know what is the difference between a horror film and a thriller film? Both

of them may look equally scary and shock you with a jumpscare scene. However, this

thriller film focuses more on tense scenes than scary figures in horror films. Thriller

recommendations include Breathe, Gone Girl, and Get Out. J. Musicals

Musical genre films are films that present a lot of singing and dancing scenes. Musical films are a combination of songs, dance, music, and choreography that are put

together into a very interesting film to watch. Some musical films that you must watch

once in a lifetime include Pitch Perfect and La La Land

3. Film Elements

Film is the result of joint work or the result of collective work. In other words, the process of

making a film definitely involves the work of a number of elements or professions. The

dominant elements in the filmmaking process include: producer, director, screenwriter, camera

stylist (cameramen), artistic director, music director, editor, filler and sound engineer, actors

(film stars). A. Producer

The most important (highest) element in a production or filmmaking work team is

the producer. Because it is the producer who owns or prepares the funds used to finance

film production. The producer is the party responsible for various things needed in the

process of making a film. In addition to funds, ideas or ideas, the producer must also

provide the script to be filmed, as well as a number of other things needed in relation to

the film production process. B. Director

The director is the party or person most responsible for the film-making process

excluding matters relating to funds and other property. Because of this, the director

usually occupies the position of "second important person" in a film production work

team. In the process of making a film, the director is in charge of directing the entire flow

and process of transferring a story or information from a scenario script into production

activities. C. Screenwriter

A film scenario is a film story script that is written by adhering to certain

standards or rules. The scenario or script of the film's story is written with an emphasis

that prioritizes the visualization of a situation or event through scene by scene with a

clear disclosure. So, a film screenwriter is someone who writes a story script that will be

filmed. The screenplay script written by the screenplay writer is then worked on or

transformed by the director into a film work. D. Camera Stylist (Cameraman)

A camera stylist or popularly known as a cameraman is someone who is

responsible for the process of recording (taking) pictures in filmmaking work. Therefore, a camera designer or cameraman is required to be able to present an interesting, captivating story and touch the emotions of the audience through image after image

recorded on the camera. In a film production work team, the camera stylist leads the

camera department. E. Penata Artistik

An artistic director (art director) is someone whose job is to display artistic taste

in a film produced. Before a story is visualized into a film, the artistic stylist first gets an

explanation from the director to make a rough picture of scene after scene in the sketch, both in black and white and in color. The duties of an artistic stylist include providing a

number of means such as the atmosphere of the incident, makeup, clothing, equipment

that will be used by the actors (cast) of the film and others

F. Penata Musik

A music arranger is someone who is in charge or fully responsible for the sound

of the music. A music arranger is required not only to master music, but also to have the

ability or sensitivity to digest the story or message conveyed by the film. Editor

Whether or not a film is produced will eventually be determined by an editor who

is in charge of editing picture after image in the film. So, an editor is someone who is in

charge or responsible for the image editing process. G. Pengisi dan Penata Suara

A voice actor is someone who is in charge of voicing the cast or performers of a

movie. So, not all film actors use their own voices in dialogue in movies. A sound stylist is

a person or party responsible for determining whether or not the sound results recorded in

a film are good. Within the film production work team, the sound stylist is responsible for

leading the sound department. H. Bintang Film (Pemeran)

Movie stars or movie actors and commonly also called actors and actresses are

those who play or star in a film that is produced by playing the characters in the story of the

film according to the existing scenario. The success of a film cannot be separated from the

success of actors and actresses in playing the characters played according to the demands

of the screenplay (film story), especially in displaying the characters and characters. The

cast in a film is divided into two, namely the main cast (the main character) and the

supporting cast (piguran). 4. According to the Film Making Method

A. Experimental Film

Experimental Film is a film made without refers to the principles of filmmaking

common. The goal is to organize experimentation and search for new ways of

pronunciation through movies. Generally made by critical filmmakers to change

(among film artists), without prioritizing the side of commercialism, but more to side of

creative freedom. B. Animated film

Animated film is a film made with use pictures (paintings) as well as other inanimate

objects, such as dolls, tables and chairs can be turned on with animation techniques.

HISTORICAL FILM

1. The film itself was first created in 1805 by the Lumiere Brothers. Then in 1899 George

Melies began showing a film with editing style entitled Trip To The Moon. In 1902, Edwin Peter

made a film called Life Of In American Fireman. In Indonesia itself, film achieved its heyday in the era of the 70s to 80s or to be precise

before the arrival of Broadcast-Broadcast TV in 1988 (RCTI). The public is very appreciative in

responding to films in Indonesia. This is related to the weight of the film which can indeed fulfill

the psychological and spiritual needs of the Indonesian people. In Indonesia, the first cinema appeared in Batavia (Jakarta), in Tanah Abang Kebonjae to

be precise, on December 5, 1900. However, the presence of this cinema cannot be said to be an

early milestone in the history of Indonesian films. The reason, the films at that time were still

imported from abroad. The first feature film produced in Indonesia, in Bandung to be precise, only existed in 1926. This film was titled Loetoeng Kasaroeng. This film can be said to be a

milestone in the history of Indonesian cinema. The success of the production of this film is

inseparable from the involvement of the regent of Bandung, Wiranatakusumah V, in it.

Facts About Indonesian Films

Since its inception, Indonesian films have had various ups and downs. Competition

with the television industry and being used as a tool for political propaganda, made

Indonesian films unable to become masters in their own country at certain times. 1. The first cinema appeared on December 5, 1900 Long before Indonesia's independence. Cinemas had appeared in the area at that time called Batavia. The cinema was founded

on December 5, 1900. Don't imagine that the cinema is the fine building it is today. The

film, at that time called

“Gambar Idoep” was shown in a house owned by a Dutch businessman. Three years

after that, a new permanent cinema was built, which was named The Royal Bioscope. The location is also still in the entrepreneur's house.

Photo 1.1 The venue for the first film screening in Batavia, located in a house next to the Maatschappij Fuchss train

factory in Kebon Jae, Tanah Abang

2. Loetoeng Kasaroeng, the First Film Produced in Indonesia The film titled “Loetoeng Kasaroeng” directed by two Dutchmen, namely G. Kruger and L Heuveldorp, is the first film produced in Indonesia. Previously, films screened in theaters were imported from abroad. Loetoeng Kasaroeng was first released on December 31, 1926. The main character is a monkey based on a popular story among the Sundanese people.

 

3. The first sound film in Indonesia, was made in 1831 entitled “Boenga Roos dari Tjikembang”. This film, which tells the story of the complicated relationship between two generations of ethnic Chinese in the Dutch East Indies, was directed, produced and filmed by The Teng Chun. The film was adapted from a novel of the same title from 1927. Although the results were less than encouraging, Tjikembang's Boenga Roos. 

4. Films Turned into Political Propaganda when Japan colonized the Dutch East Indies around 1942, films were used as a tool for political propaganda. Only films that contain Japanese propaganda and films that have been produced are allowed to be shown. As a result, the film industry at that time was very sluggish and no new works emerged.

 

 5.  Blood & Prayers, the First Indonesian Local Feature Film The shooting of the first day of the film “Blood & Prayer” or  “Long March of Siliwangi” on March 30, 1950 was designated as National Film Day. This is because the film directed by Umar Ismail is the first local film with Indonesian characteristics.

6. The Golden Age of the 1980s. In the 1980s, Indonesian children's films were hosted in their own homes. For example, the film Notes Si Boy or with the Indonesian title "Catatan si Boy" with a line of stars such as Onky Alexander, Meriam Bellina and Lydia Kandou who are still famous today. Unfortunately, however, the Indonesian film industry was sluggish in the 1990s. Currently, adult-themed films dominate more so that it is less attractive. As a result, the incessant Hollywood and Hong Kong films cannot be avoided. 

1998 Back Rise, In 1998, Indonesian films seemed to have found their  resurrection point again. Starting from Love in a Piece of Bread by Garin Nugroho and “Sherina's Adventure” by Mira Lesmana, again to stimulate the Indonesian film industry. “What's Up with Love? (AADC)” which tells the love story of Cinta and Rangga, has also succeeded in stealing the attention of the Indonesian people.